LO 1.A.1: The different types of democracy include participatory democracy, pluralists democracy, and elite democracy. These models of represented democracy are reflected through major institutions, policies, events, or debates in the U.S. For example, the NAACP exemplifies that a pluralist democracy in a sense that the NAACP is an interest group that project their ideas on government.
LO 1.B.1: Democratic ideals reflected in US foundational documents include, natural rights, popular sovereignty, republicanism, and social contract. Natural rights, which include the right to life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness, are very different when compared to popular sovereignty in the sense that, natural rights are protected in the Bill of Rights, including freedom of speech, religion, and press. Where as popular sovereignty is principal that authority of government is created and sustained by consent of its people, through their elected representatives who are a source of all political power.
Republicanism is different from natural rights and popular sovereignty in a way that republicanism is the ideology of governing a society or states as a republic, where the head of state is representative of people who hold popular sovereignty rather than the people being subjects of head of state.
The last democratic idea reflected in US foundational documents is the idea of a social contract. A social contract is very different from the other three in a sense that it is a voluntary agreement among individuals by which according to any of various theories is an organized society that is brought into being and invested with the right to secure mutual protection and welfare or to regulate relations among its members.
Republicanism is different from natural rights and popular sovereignty in a way that republicanism is the ideology of governing a society or states as a republic, where the head of state is representative of people who hold popular sovereignty rather than the people being subjects of head of state.
The last democratic idea reflected in US foundational documents is the idea of a social contract. A social contract is very different from the other three in a sense that it is a voluntary agreement among individuals by which according to any of various theories is an organized society that is brought into being and invested with the right to secure mutual protection and welfare or to regulate relations among its members.
LO 1.B.2: In Federalist 10, written by James Madison, Madison interprets the Federalist views by saying in order to fight factions, the strong central government should utilize the uneven distribution of wealth and property to preserve liberty and power. Madison expresses that we need a large, representative republic if we want to fight against factions and avoid discrimination against people. On the other hand, Brutus 1, an Anti-Federalist paper, states that popular democratic theory means a large participation in the government making sure the people have the right to representatives.
LO 1.C.1: The Articles of Confederation were weaker than the framers originally intended them to be. The Articles of Confederation lacked the declaration of a national army or navy. As a result, people were not protected form foreign invaders and were not protected during maritime trading. The lack of a no common currency proved to be difficult when conducting interstate commerce. For example there was an unequal representation of money, some states money was valued too high, and some states money wasn't valued enough. The most important component that the Articles of Confederation lacked was the ability to tax. Without a source of revenue the government couldn't function.
LO 1.C.2: The causes and effects of the constitutional compromises can be seen in the relationship between the New Jersey Plan and the Virginia plan. The Virginia Plan called for a bicameral legislature representation in each house based on population and monetary contributions to the national government by the state and a single executive chosen by legislative branch, limited to one term only, could veto acts, and removal by Congress. The New Jersey plan on the other hand was much different. For example it called for a unicameral legislature equal representation in the house and plural excuse chosen by the legislative branch, no veto powers, and removal by the states. The Great Compromise unified these plans by providing a bicameral legislature, equal representation and representation based on population, and settled the disputes over the legislative branch.
LO 1.C.3: Washington D.C., as a district, wants too legalize marijuana but the Federal Government has laws that ban marijuana in the U.S. This reflects the tension between the role of the central government and the powers of the state government in the sense that the state does can nullify federal law if the people of said state vote to, and the state doesn't have to enforce federal law.
LO 1.D.1: Congress can make laws, and can also confirm executive appointments, override executive veto, reject foreign treaties, create or eliminate courts, and can impeach. The president informs laws, and can veto legislation, recommend legislation, grant pardons, and nominate judges. The judiciary can intemperate laws, and can review legislative acts, issue injections, and review executive acts. The relationship between separation of powers and checks and balances can be seen through the fact that each branch cannot function independently. As a result each branch has an equal amount of power even though the framers wanted the legislative branch to have the most power.
LO 1.E.1: The distribution of powers among the three federal branches affects policy making in a sense that the distribution of power slows the policy making process especially with a divided legislature. It causes a controversy amongst the people.
LO 1.F.1: The appropriate balance of power between national and state governments has been interpreted differently over time because of limitations set forth by the constitution that can be interpreted loosely. This idea of loose interpretation is the reason for different interpretations of policies by the supreme court.
LO 1.F.2: The division and the intention of central powers within a federal structure are questioned by the states power because of conflicting ideals. For example Colorado's legislature pasted a law that legalized marijuana in the state of Colorado. The state authorities no longer enforce the federal law that bans marijuana. In a way the state of Colorado has nullified the federal law that bans marijuana. This accounts for the differences in idea that lead to conflict and power struggle between the state government and the federal government.